With that simple line — it's pronounced "KOH-moh ess-TAHSS" — you can greet almost any Spanish speaker you've met before. Add to that these phrases below, and you'll be well-positioned to make a good first impression wherver you go in Spain or most of Latin America.
Spanish Greetings and Similar Phrases
Phrases in common use can vary with location and sometimes with age or social status. But except wher indicated, those listed below can be used appropriately in almost any situation. Pronunciations given are approximate; in all pronunciations below, the "th" is pronounced as in "this," and the "oo" is pronounced as in "boom."
Hola — Hello, hi — OH-lah — This greeting is suitable in both formal and informal contexts.
Hola, aló, jaló, bueno, diga — Hello (on the telephone) — OH-lah, ah-LOH, hah-LOH, BUEH-no, DEE-gah — The choice of telephone greeting varies from location to location. Hola would be understood anywher but is not customary in many places.
Adiós — Goodbye — ah-THYOHSS — An informal alternative in many areas is chau (pronounced "chow," sometimes spelled ciao, from Italian).
¿Cómo estás? ¿Cómo está? — How are you? — KOH-moh es-TAHSS, KOH-moh es-TAH —The first form (which is informal) normally would be used with someone you know on a first-name basis or when speaking with a child. The second form generally would be used in other situations. Usage can depend quite a bit on wher you are; in some areas, the informal form (estás) would be expected wher under the same circumstances the formal form would be used in other areas. If you're a foreigner, chances are no one will criticize you for using the wrong form, although you may be politely corrected.
Muy bien, gracias — Very well, thank you — mwee-vyenn GRAHSS-yahss.
Buenos días — Good day, good morning — BWEH-nohss DEE-ahss — In some areas, a shortened form, buen día, is used.
Buenas tardes — Good afternoon, good evening — BWEH-nahss TAR-dess — In most areas, buenas tardes should be used in the early evening in preference to buenas noches.
Buenas noches — Good night — BWEH-nahss NOH-chess — Unlike the English translation, buenas noches can be used as a greeting as well as a farewell.
¿Cómo te va? ¿Cómo le va? ¿Qué tal? ¿Qué hay? — How's it going? — KOH-moh teh-VAH, KOH-moh leh-VAH, kay-TALL, kay-AYE — There is also a variety of colloquial alternatives, although many of them depend on the area. The first one given is informal, used as with "¿Cómo estás?" above.
¿Qué pasa? — What's happening? — kay PAHSS-ah.
¿Qué hubo? ¿Qué onda? — How is it going? What's happening? — kay OO-boh, kay OHN-dah — These phrases are most common in Mexico.
¿Cómo te llamas? ¿Cómo se llama usted? — What's your name? — KOH-moh teh YAHM-mahss, KOH-moh seh YAHM-mah oo-STETH — A literal translation would be "What do you call yourself?" or, somewhat less literally, "What are you called?" The first form normally would be used with a child, or possibly with someone of equal social status at an informal occasion. If you're uncertain which form to use, the second one is safer. Also see the explanation with the entry for "¿Cómo estás?" above.
Me llamo (nombre).— My name is (name). — meh YAHM-moh (NOHM-breh) — A literal translation would be "I call myself (name)" or, somewhat less literally, "I am called (name)." You can also literally translate the English: Mi nombre es (nombre).
Mucho gusto. Encantado. — It's a pleasure to meet you. — MOO-choh GOO-stoh, en-kahn-TAH-thoh. Either of these could be said when someone introduces him- or herself to you. If you're female, you should say encantada (en-kahn-TAH-thah) instead of encantado.
Bienvenido, bienvenida, bienvenidos, bienvenidas — Welcome — byem-beh-NEE-thoh, byem-beh-NEE-thah, byem-beh-NEE-thohss, byem-beh-NEE-thahss — Note the difference in number and gender. Bienvenido would be used with a man, bienvenida with a woman, bienvenidas with a group of all females, and bienvenidos with males or a mixed group.
有了这条简单的线——它的发音是“KOH-moh ess-TAHSS”——你几乎可以打招呼你以前遇到的任何说西班牙语的人。加上下面的这些短语，无论您在西班牙或拉丁美洲的大部分地区，无论您走到哪里，都可以很好地给人留下良好的第一印象。
西班牙语问候和类似短语
常用短语可能因地点而异，有时也因年龄或社会地位而异。但除非另有说明，下面列出的那些几乎可以在任何情况下适当使用。给出的发音是近似的；在以下所有发音中，“th”的发音与“this”的发音相同，“oo”的发音与“boom”的发音相同。
Hola — 你好，嗨 — OH-lah — 这种问候语适用于正式和非正式场合。
Hola, aló, jaló, bueno, diga — 你好（在电话中） — OH-lah, ah-LOH, hah-LOH, BUEH-no, DEE-gah — 电话问候的选择因地而异。 Hola 在任何地方都会被理解，但在许多地方并不习惯。
Adiós — 再见 — ah-THYOHSS — 许多地区的非正式替代选择是 chau（发音为“chow”，有时拼写为 ciao，来自意大利语）。
¿Cómo estás? ¿Cómo está? - 你好吗？ — KOH-moh es-TAHSS、KOH-moh es-TAH — 第一种形式（非正式的）通常用于您认识的人的名字或与孩子交谈时。第二种形式通常用于其他情况。使用情况在很大程度上取决于您所在的位置；在某些领域，在其他领域将使用正式形式的情况下，预计会采用非正式形式（estás）。如果你是外国人，很可能没有人会批评你使用了错误的形式，尽管你可能会被礼貌地纠正。
Muy bien, gracias — 很好，谢谢 — mwee-vyenn GRAHSS-yahss。
Buenos días — 早安，早安 — BWEH-nohss DEE-ahss — 在某些地区，使用缩写形式 buen día。
Buenas tardes — 下午好，晚上好 — BWEH-nahss TAR-dess — 在大多数地区，应在傍晚使用 buenas tardes，而不是 buenas noches。
Buenas noches - 晚安 - BWEH-nahss NOH-chess - 与英文翻译不同，buenas noches 可以用作问候和告别。
¿Cómo te va? ¿Cómo le va? ¿ ¿
