西班牙语的基数

 Spanish numbers can be confusing for persons new to the language. Numbers made up of more than one part are often formed differently than they are in English, and some Spanish numbers change according to the gender of the nouns they apply to.

 

 

List of Spanish Numbers

Following are the basic Spanish numbers and patterns in which they are formed. Those in bold italics are forms that change according to gender, while the non-italic forms are fixed.

 

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1. uno

2. dos

3. tres

4. cuatro

5. cinco

6. seis

7. siete

8. ocho

9. nueve

10. diez

11. once

12. doce

13. trece

14. catorce

15. quince

16. dieciséis

17. diecisiete

18. dieciocho

19. diecinueve

20. veinte

21. veintiuno

22. veintidós

23. veintitrés

24. veinticuatro

25. veinticinco

26. veintiséis

27. veintisiete

28. veintiocho

29. veintinueve

30. treinta

31. treinta y uno

32. treinta y dos

33. treinta y tres

40. cuarenta

41. cuarenta y uno

42. cuarenta y dos

50. cincuenta

60. sesenta

70. setenta

80. ochenta

90. noventa

100. ciento (cien)

101. ciento uno

102. ciento dos

103. ciento tres

110. ciento diez

199. ciento noventa y nueve

200. doscientos

201. doscientos uno

202. doscientos dos

203. doscientos tres

251. doscientos cincuenta y uno

252. doscientos cincuenta y dos

300. trescientos

400. cuatrocientos

500. quinientos

600. seiscientos

700. setecientos

800. ochocientos

900. novecientos

1.000. mil

2.000. dos mil

3.000. tres mil

3.333. tres mil trescientos treinta y tres

1.000.000. un millón

1.000.000.000. mil millones

The numbers above are sometimes called the cardinal numbers (números cardinales) to distinguith them from ordinal numbers (números ordinales) such as "first" and "second."

 

 

Shortening Uno and Ciento

Uno and numbers ending in -uno are shortened to un when they immediately precede a masculine noun. When standing alone (that is, being 100 exactly) ciento is shortened to cien before preceding a noun of either gender; the longer form is used within longer numbers (except when preceding mil).

 

 

un lápiz (one pencil)

una pluma (one pen)

cincuenta y un lápices (51 pencils)

cincuenta y una plumas (51 pens)

cien lápices (100 pencils)

cien plumas (100 pens)

ciento tres lápices (103 pencils)

ciento tres plumas (103 pens)

cien mil lápices (100,000 pencils)

cien mil plumas (100,000 pens)

 

Gender of Numbers

Most numbers don't change with gender, but some do: When a number ends in -uno ("one"), the form -un is used before masculine nouns, and -una before feminine nouns. The uno form is used only in counting. Accent marks are used wher needed to maintain the correct pronunciation. The hundreds of portions of numbers change in gender even when other parts of the number intervene before the noun.

 

 

un coche (one car)

una casa (one house)

veintiún coches (21 cars)

veintiuna casas (21 houses)

doscientos coches (200 cars)

doscientas casas (200 houses)

doscientos dos coches (202 cars)

doscientas dos casas (202 houses)

 

Punctuation of Numbers

In most of the Spanish-speaking world, periods and commas within numbers are reversed from what they are in U.S. English. Thus in Spain 1.234,56 would be the way of writing mil doscientos treinta y cuatro coma cincuentqa y seis, or what would be written in the United States as 1,234.56. In Mexico, Puerto Rico and parts of Central America, numbers usually are punctuated as they are in the United States.

 

Spelling of Numbers

The numbers 16 through 19 and 21 through 29 used to be spelled as diez y seis, diez y siete, diez y ocho ... veinte y uno, veinte y dos, etc. You'll still see that spelling sometimes (the pronunciation is the same), but the modern spelling is preferred.

 

Note that y ("and") is not used to separate hundreds from the remainder of the number; thus "one hundred and sixty-one" is not ciento y sesenta y uno but ciento sesenta y uno. Note also that mil is not made plural in numbers above 1,999. Thus 2,000 is dos mil, not dos miles. Also, 1,000 is simply mil, not un mil.

 

Pronunciation of Years

The years in Spanish are pronounced the same as other cardinal numbers are. Thus, for example, the year 2040 would be pronounced as "dos mil cuarenta." The English custom of pronouncing the centuries separately (in English we typically say "twenty forty" instead of "two thousand forty") is not followed.

 

Millions and More

Numbers larger than the millions can get problematic in both English and Spanish. Traditionally, a billion has been a thousand million in U.S. English but a million-million in British English and Spanish has followed the British standard, with a trillion being a thousand billions in either case. Thus 1,000,000,000,000 would be a billion in British English but a trillion in U.S. English. Precise Spanish, following the British understanding, uses mil millones for 1,000,000,000 and billón for 1,000,000,000,000, while trillón is 1,000,000,000,000,000. But U.S. English has influenced Spanish, especially in Latin America, creating some confusion.