adjective | apocope | meaning | |
bueno | buen | good | |
malo | mal | bad |
Bueno and malo can either precede masculine nouns (in their shortened form) or follow the noun (in their original form); the latter gives them a slight emphasis.
Por ejemplo…
Pablo es un buen hombre. | Pablo is a good man. | |
Pablo es un hombre bueno. | Pablo is a (truly) good man. |
Numbers
Four numbers have apocopes.
adjective | apocope | meaning | |
primero | primer | first | |
tercero | tercer | third | |
uno | un | one, a | |
ciento | cien | a hundred |
The first three must be used when they precede a masculine singular noun.
Por ejemplo…
Este es mi primer coche. | This is my first car. | |
Tengo un hermano. | I have one brother. |
When the number does not precede a noun but rather stands alone as a pronoun, it maintains its original form:
Este es el primero. | This is the first one. | |
Sí, tengo uno. | Yes, I have one. |
The above adjectives are not shortened when used with feminine or plural nouns.
una hermana | one woman | |
los primeros coches | the first cars |
Ciento is a special case: it shortens to cien when it precedes a plural noun or when it multiplies the number that follows.
cien euros | 100 euros | |
cien mil | 100,000 |
But not when it’s part of a larger number.
ciento cuarenta | 140 | |
dos cientos | 200 |
Indefinite Adjectives
adjective | apocope | meaning | |
alguno | algún | some | |
ninguno | ningún | no, none |
These follow the exact same rules as primer and tercer.
Por ejemplo…
¿Hay algún baño aquí? | Is there a bathroom here? | |
No hay ningún problema. | There’s no problem. |