| adjective | apocope | meaning | |
| bueno | buen | good | |
| malo | mal | bad |
Bueno and malo can either precede masculine nouns (in their shortened form) or follow the noun (in their original form); the latter gives them a slight emphasis.
Por ejemplo…
| Pablo es un buen hombre. | Pablo is a good man. | |
| Pablo es un hombre bueno. | Pablo is a (truly) good man. |
Numbers
Four numbers have apocopes.
| adjective | apocope | meaning | |
| primero | primer | first | |
| tercero | tercer | third | |
| uno | un | one, a | |
| ciento | cien | a hundred |
The first three must be used when they precede a masculine singular noun.
Por ejemplo…
| Este es mi primer coche. | This is my first car. | |
| Tengo un hermano. | I have one brother. |
When the number does not precede a noun but rather stands alone as a pronoun, it maintains its original form:
| Este es el primero. | This is the first one. | |
| Sí, tengo uno. | Yes, I have one. |
The above adjectives are not shortened when used with feminine or plural nouns.
| una hermana | one woman | |
| los primeros coches | the first cars |
Ciento is a special case: it shortens to cien when it precedes a plural noun or when it multiplies the number that follows.
| cien euros | 100 euros | |
| cien mil | 100,000 |
But not when it’s part of a larger number.
| ciento cuarenta | 140 | |
| dos cientos | 200 |
Indefinite Adjectives
| adjective | apocope | meaning | |
| alguno | algún | some | |
| ninguno | ningún | no, none |
These follow the exact same rules as primer and tercer.
Por ejemplo…
| ¿Hay algún baño aquí? | Is there a bathroom here? | |
| No hay ningún problema. | There’s no problem. |
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