【英文版西语语法】Past Participle in Spanish

 Regular Past Participle Spanish Forms

 

To form the past participle of a regular verb, you dro the infinitive ending (-ar, -er, -ir) and add -ado to the stem of -ar verbs and -ido to the stem of -er and -ir verbs. This is equivalent to adding -ed to many verbs in English.

 

How to Form the Regular Past Participles

 

Verb Type Infinitive Example Stem Example Past Participle Example

-ar verb

hablar

 

habl-

hablado

 

-er verbs

tener

 

ten-

tenido

 

-ir verb

vivir

 

viv-

vivido

 

Irregular Past Participle Spanish Forms

 

Quite a few Spanish verbs have irregular past participles. In the table below you'll find a few of the most common ones. For a a more exhaustive list of irregular past participles, click here.

 

Infinitive Past Participle English

abrir

 

abierto

 

open/opened

decir

 

dicho

 

said

escribir

 

escrito

 

written

hacer

 

hecho

 

done/completed

ver

 

visto

 

seen

Past Participle Uses

 

1. Perfect Tenses

 

There are quite a few perfect tenses in Spanish, and they all use past participles.

 

Many of the perfect tenses use a version of the following formula:

 

Perfect Formula

haber + past participle

The examples below show a past participle being used in the present perfect and the future perfect.

 

¿Has viajado mucho a Uruguay?

Have you traveled a lot to Uruguay?

 

Habré leído todos sus libros.

I will have read all of his books.

 

Whole Lot of Perfect Tenses Going On

Check out our articles on these Spanish perfect tenses:

 

present perfect

past perfect

preterite perfect

future perfect

conditional perfect

present perfect subjunctive

past perfect subjunctive

future perfect subjunctive

2. Adjectives

 

Past participles are commonly used as adjectives in Spanish. When this is the case, they must agree in gender and number with the nouns they modify. The following examples show past participles being used as adjectives.

 

Me encantan los huevos revueltos.

I love scrambled eggs.

 

Salimos por la puerta abierta.

We left through the open door.

 

Predicative Adjective

 

Predicative adjectives are adjectives used in conjunction with a linking verb, such as ser (to be), estar (to be) , or parecer (to seem). Predicative adjectives must also agree with the nouns they modify in gender and number.

 

Mi novela favorita fue escrita por Gabriel García Márquez.

My favorite novel was written by Gabriel Garcia Marquez.

 

Las puertas están cerradas.

The doors are closed.

 

Esta manzana parece podrida.

This apple seems rotten.