【英文版西语语法】Affirmative Informal (Tú) Commands

 There are many different types of Spanish commands, including negative tú commands, formal commands, indirect commands, nosotros commands, and affirmative tú commands. We'll focus on affirmative tú commands in this article, so ¡ponte listo!  (look sharp!) These command forms are definitely going to come in handy.

 

Overview

 

Tú commands are the singular form of informal commands. You can use affirmative tú commands to tell a friend, family member the same age as you or younger, classmate, child, or pet to do something. To tell somebody not to do something, you would use a negative tú command. This article covers affirmative tú commands (also called the informal imperative) in all their forms.

 

Just so you know, here is what each of these command forms looks like.

 

Affirmative Tú Command

 

Compra los libros.

Buy the books.

 

Negative Tú Command

 

No compres los libros.

Don’t buy the books.

 

How to Form Regular Affirmative Tú Commands

 

For regular verbs, you will simply use the third-person singular form of the present indicative to form an affirmative tú command.

 

Forming Commands with -ar Verbs

 

For verbs that end in -ar, add the third-person singular ending -a to the stem

Verb Stem Tú Command English

comprar

 

compr-

Compra la camisa.

 

Buy the shirt.

Stem? I thought we were talking about verbs, not plants.

 

In Spanish grammar lingo, a stem is the verb form you're left with if you take the -ar, -er or -ir away from the end of an infinitive.

 

Example: The stem of comprar is compr-.

Forming Commands with -er and -ir Verbs

 

For verbs that end in -er and -ir, add the third-person singular ending -e to the stem

Verb Stem Tú Command English

aprender

 

aprend-

¡Aprende español!

 

Learn Spanish!

escribir

 

escrib-

Escribe el ensayo.

 

Write the essay.

Forming Commands with Verbs with Stem or Spelling Changes

 

For verbs with stem changes or spelling changes in the present tense, the stem or spelling change also applies to the informal command form. Here are some examples of these types of verbs.

 

Verb Tú Command English

cerrar

 

Cierra la puerta.

 

Close the door.

mover

 

Mueve esas sillas.

 

Move those chairs.

incluir

 

Incluye tus datos aquí.

 

Include your information here.

Irregular Affirmative Tú Commands

 

All verbs with irregular third-person singular forms in the present tense maintain that same irregularity in the affirmative informal command, except for the following eight verbs, which have special irregular affirmative command forms. These ones are super-duper irregular.

 

Verb Affirmative Tú Command Form

ser

 

sé

 

ir

 

ve

 

tener

 

ten

 

venir

 

ven

 

hacer

 

haz

 

decir

 

di

 

poner

 

pon

 

salir

 

sal

 

To remember the super-duper irregular command forms in the table above, memorize this mnemonic device:

 

se ve ten ven haz di pon sal  

Now say it ten times fast. No, es broma  (just kidding), but do practice it so you don't forget these important irregular affirmative command forms.

Pronoun Placement with Commands

 

Pronouns are attached to the end of affirmative commands. A written accent (tilde ) is often added to maintain the verb's original stress, especially if more than one pronoun is used.

 

Traelo.

Bring it.

 

Tráemelo.

Bring it to me.

 

Dilo.

Say it.

 

Díselo.

Say it to her.

 

Cómpraselo.

Buy it for him.

 

Ponte los zapatos ¡Póntelos!

Put on your shoes. Put them on!

 

Punctuation to the Rescue!

 

Because informal tú commands take the same form as the third-person singular of the present tense, it is helpful to include exclamation points to indicate urgency. You can also include the name of the person you are commanding, followed by a comma. Without the comma, an imperative verb could be confused with a third-person singular present verb. Compare the following sentences, paying careful attention to the different punctuation.

 

Spanish English Verb Mood

Compra la camisa.

 

She buys the shirt. Present indicative

¡Compra la camisa!

 

Buy the shirt! Informal imperative

Alicia compra la camisa.

 

Alicia buys the shirt. Present indicative

Alicia, compra la camisa.

 

Alicia, buy the shirt. Informal imperative